Agricultural Biotechnology Certification Practice Exam 2025 – The All-in-One Guide to Master Your Certification!

Mitosis is defined as a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells, each genetically identical to the original parent cell. This process is crucial for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms. During mitosis, the genetic material (DNA) is duplicated and equally distributed to ensure that each daughter cell receives the same set of chromosomes, maintaining the diploid state in organisms that reproduce sexually.

The phases of mitosis include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, leading to the conclusion of the process when the cell divides through cytokinesis. Each daughter cell retains the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, ensuring genetic consistency.

In contrast, some of the other choices involve processes that do not correctly represent mitosis. For example, a process resulting in four daughter cells describes meiosis, a different type of cell division that leads to gamete formation, while protein synthesis pertains to the creation of proteins through transcription and translation. Genetic recombination involves the exchange of genetic material during meiosis and is not a characteristic of mitosis. Therefore, understanding the specific outcome of mitosis—two identical daughter cells—clarifies why this is the correct choice.